Emerging Contaminants Fact Sheet – Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA). National Service Center for Environmental Publications (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. March 2014. p.1. 505-F-14-001 . Retrieved 10 February 2019. PTFE is used in some aerosol lubricant sprays, including in micronized and polarized form. It is notable for its extremely low coefficient of friction, its hydrophobia (which serves to inhibit rust), and for the dry film it forms after application, which allows it to resist collecting particles that might otherwise form an abrasive paste. [43] Brands include GT85. [44] Two PTFE jars [ clarification needed] Kitchen ware [ edit ] On the other hand, North America and Europe is one of the mature industries for electronics, led to continuous technological advancements for end products. This factor is projected to increase the demand for PTFE in North America and Europe over the forecast period. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Market Share Insights However, as Plunkett measured the amount of gas used by weighing the bottle, he became interested in the source of the weight and finally decided to split the bottle apart.

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Griffith, Franklin D.; Stephens, Susan S.; Tayfun, Figen O. (April 1973). "Exposure of Japanese Quail and Parakeets to the Pyrolysis Products of Fry Pans Coated with Teflon® and Common Cooking Oils". American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 34 (4): 176–178. doi: 10.1080/0002889738506828. PMID 4723395.PFOA persists indefinitely in the environment. [68] PFOA has been detected in the blood of many individuals of the general US population in the low and sub- parts per billion range, and levels are higher in chemical plant employees and surrounding subpopulations. PFOA and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) have been estimated to be in every American person’s blood stream in the parts per billion range, though those concentrations have decreased by 70% for PFOA and 84% for PFOS between 1999 and 2014, which coincides with the end of the production and phase out of PFOA and PFOS in the US. [69] [70] The general population has been exposed to PFOA through massive dumping of C8 waste into the ocean and near the Ohio River Valley. [71] [72] [73] PFOA has been detected in industrial waste, stain-resistant carpets, carpet cleaning liquids, house dust, microwave popcorn bags, water, food and PTFE cookware. The brand name Zepel was used for promoting its stain-resistance and water-resistance when applied to fabrics. [12] Polytetrafluoroethylene has outstanding electrical insulating properties, low dielectric constant, and insulation pressure. The very low dielectric constant (2.0) results from a sophisticatedly symmetric structure of macromolecules. Cole, K. S. & Cole, R. H. Dispersion and absorption in dielectrics. I. Alternating current characteristics. J. Chem. Phys. 9, 341–351 (1941). Like many other great discoveries, PTFE was found accidentally. Roy J. Plunkett first discovered it in 1938. At the time, he was working in New Jersey for Dupont. Plunkett’s original purpose was to make a new chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant. However, the tetrafluoroethylene gas in its pressure bottle stopped flowing before the bottle’s weight had gone to the point signaling “empty.”

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The changes in chemical properties can highly depend on the type of additive used, but. in general, it also leaves positive results. PTFE is widely used as a thread seal tape in plumbing applications, largely replacing paste thread dope. As a result of the lawsuits concerning the PFOA class-action lawsuit, DuPont began to use GenX, a similarly fluorinated compound, as a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid in the manufacture of fluoropolymers, such as Teflon-brand PTFE. [76] [77] However, in lab tests on rats, GenX has been shown to cause many of the same health problems as PFOA. [78] [79]

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Robbins, William (21 December 1986) " Teflon Maker: Out Of Frying Pan Into Fame ", New York Times, Retrieved 21 December 1986 (Subscription) White Lightning Clean Ride anyone?…. Clean your chain with a cloth, apply well before a ride and repeat…. It can’t be processed in molten state methods, and the suitable methods can often be unconventional and expansive. Yang, C., Xing, Z., Wang, M., Zhao, Q. & Wu, G. Z. Merits of the addition of PTFE micropowder in scCO 2 foaming of polypropylene: Ultra-high cell density, high tensile strength and good sound insulation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57, 1498–1505 (2018). The major application of PTFE, consuming about 50% of production, [ citation needed] is for the insulation of wiring in aerospace and computer applications (e.g. hookup wire, coaxial cables). This application exploits the fact that PTFE has excellent dielectric properties, specifically low group velocity dispersion, [39] especially at high radio frequencies, [39] making it suitable for use as an excellent insulator in connector assemblies and cables, and in printed circuit boards used at microwave frequencies. Combined with its high melting temperature, this makes it the material of choice as a high-performance substitute for the weaker, higher dispersion and lower-melting-point polyethylene commonly used in low-cost applications.

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Fellner, Carrie (16 June 2018). "Toxic Secrets: Professor 'bragged about burying bad science' on 3M chemicals". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 25 June 2018. Zhou, H., Wang, X., Du, Z., Li, H. & Yu, K. Preparation and characterization of chain extended Poly(butylene succinate) foams. Polym. Eng. Sci. 55, 988–994 (2015).

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Gigli, M., Lotti, N., Gazzano, M., Finelli, L. & Munari, A. Novel eco-friendly random copolyesters of poly(butylene succinate) containing ether-linkages. React. Funct. Polym. 72, 303–310 (2012). Tserki, V., Matzinos, P., Pavlidou, E., Vachliotis, D. & Panayiotou, C. Biodegradable aliphatic polyesters. Part I. Properties and biodegradation of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate). Polym. Degrad. Stab. 91, 367–376 (2006). Tabatabaei, A., Barzegari, M. R., Nofar, M. & Park, C. B. In-situ visualization of polypropylene crystallization during extrusion. Polym. Test. 33, 57–63 (2014).

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Carlson, D. Peter and Schmiegel, Walter (2000) "Fluoropolymers, Organic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi: 10.1002/14356007.a11_393 Sina Ebnesajjad (21 September 2016). Expanded PTFE Applications Handbook: Technology, Manufacturing and Applications. William Andrew. pp.31–32. ISBN 978-1-4377-7856-4.However, global product demand is projected to exceed the supply, particularly due to novel applications, thereby propelling the market growth. The global industry is concentrated in nature with prominent industry participants accounting for a majority of its share. Companies are trying to reduce production costs, improve supply chain dynamics, and develop high-quality products by investing in R&D. High operational and maintenance costs associated with PTFE resin plants are keeping the threat of new entrants to a minimum. Product Insights PTFE is a thermoplastic polymer belonging to a fluoropolymer made up of carbon and fluorine atoms. What are PTFE sheets used for? Wapler, M. C.; Leupold, J.; Dragonu, I.; von Elverfeldt, D.; Zaitsev, M.; Wallrabe, U. (2014). "Magnetic properties of materials for MR engineering, micro-MR and beyond". JMR. 242: 233–242. arXiv: 1403.4760. Bibcode: 2014JMagR.242..233W. doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.02.005. PMID 24705364. S2CID 11545416. PTFE is produced by the polymerization of TFE in pure water. This yields a product known as suspension grade or granular. That product is processed by compression and sintering to make parts directly or to make billets suitable for machining.