Aoun, Joseph, Elabbas Benmamoun, and Lina Choueiri. 2010. The Syntax of Arabic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Searching for Arabic morphology online? Search no more. We have the basics covered here for you. Arabic verb morphology has rules that it abides by and if recognized, everything will fall into place. Inna, along with its related terms (or ‏ أَخَوَات‎ ’akhawāt "sister" terms in the native tradition) ‏ أَنَّ‎ anna 'that' (as in "I think that ..."), inna 'that' (after ‏ قَالَ‎ qāla 'say'), ‏ وَلٰكِنَّ‎ (wa-)lākin(na) 'but' and ‏ كَأَنَّ‎ ka-anna 'as if' introduce subjects while requiring that they be immediately followed by a noun in the accusative case, or an attached pronominal suffix. Students and teachers may benefit from the researchers’ experience with English and Arabic verb tenses, which they share in the hopes of making students more comfortable with these concepts. Also, it is to make English tenses simpler for Arabic students to grasp. When teaching foreign languages, it is important to recognize the mistakes that would be committed by a student from a different country. The foreign language student will make fewer mistakes if he or she employs a contrastive approach.

Bakir, Murtadha. 1980. Aspects of clause structure in Arabic. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington. Einleitung in das studium der arabischen grammatiker: Die Ajrūmiyyah des Muh'ammad bin Daūd By Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ājurrūm In linguistics, studying words and how they are structurally formed is called morphology (صرف sarf in Arabic). When I first started learning Arabic, I was most intrigued by how Arabic words were formed and how slight changes provided a new word, but with a similar meaning. This study was one of the most helpful things that allowed me to comprehend Arabic and easily learn new words. The Basis of Arabic Morphology

Fractions of a whole smaller than "half" are expressed by the structure fi‘l ( فِعْل) in the singular, af‘āl ( أَفْعَال) in the plural. Based on the patterns and meanings produced by al-ziyaadah above, both what happens in fi’l (verb) and ism (noun) will make it easier for someone to understand Arabic texts in general and, in particular, the text of the Koran written in Arabic fushah, and makes it easier for them to translate it into the languages they want according to their respective needs and fields, the meanings of al-ziyaadah as a whole are no less than thirty-six meanings, two fifty-eight that occurs in fi’l, and eight that occurs in ism.

Arabic, for the most part, is a triliteral root language. Which means, the meaning and construction of Arabic words is based on 3 letters. By simply adding a few distinct letters and changing vowel marks, new words are formed. This is unique to Arabic and other Semitic languages, such as Hebrew and Aramaic. Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, pg. 350. Leiden: Brill Archive, 1954. New edition 1980.

Early Arabic grammars were more or less lists of rules, without the detailed explanations which would be added in later centuries. The earliest schools were different not only in some of their views on grammatical disputes, but also their emphasis. The school of Kufa excelled in Arabic poetry and exegesis of the Qur'an, in addition to Islamic law and Arab genealogy. The more rationalist school of Basra, on the other hand, focused more on the formal study of grammar. [10] Division [ edit ] The prefix ma- is encoded when attached to the root word with the initial vowel/a, i, u, é, o, e/. The prefix ma- is allomorph mar- when the root word has a vowel initial/a, i, u, é, o, e/. Ma- is allomorph maG- when attached to the root word with the initial consonant/b, c, d, g, j, k, l, m, n, p, s, t/. The prefix ma- is allomorph maG-, if the root word is a consonant initial phoneme (semi-vowel)/w/. The phoneme/w/changes to the phoneme/b/. The meaning contained in the prefix ma- with the root word attached to it is as follows: (1) state the work as mentioned in the root word, for example, massessa’ (washing), massappa (seeking), ma’jama (working), mattettéq (hitting), and maruki (writing); (2) doing work using tools as mentioned in the basic words, for example, ma’baju (wearing clothes), massulara (wearing pants), and massandala’ (wearing sandals); (3) state the actions of two parties, for example, mallotténg (fighting), mappanca (fighting strength with hands), and ma’bitté (competing); (4) stating the state of intensity, for example, manynyilik (observing); (5) wearing something like the root word, for example, mappotto (wearing a bracelet) and massapatu (wearing shoes); and (6) state in a state as mentioned in the root word, for example, masussa (in a difficult state), makkocaq (in a liquid state), and Mario ( marennu). In the first person singular, however, the situation is more complicated. Specifically, -nī "me" is attached to verbs, but -ī/-ya "my" is attached to nouns. In the latter case, -ya is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while -ī is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before -ya (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Examples: Word stress varies from one Arabic dialect to another. A rough rule for word-stress in Classical Arabic is that it falls on the penultimate syllable of a word if that syllable is closed, and otherwise on the antepenultimate. [12] This additional hamzah letter becomes qiyaasiy (meets standards) in the places entered as follows: If it is located at the beginning of a word and after hamzah there are three original letters, both in verbs ( fi’il) and noun ( ism). For example, (: (أ))أحمرْ) is additional. The letter hamzah is also added to the word for the purpose of lil-washl ( hamzah al-washl). If in one word before the end of the letter of the word alif zaaidah and proceeded by three or more basic letters. For example (حمراء) and (صفراء), the letter hamzah (ء) is an addition.