This allows the OS to interact with a device and read its data without knowing the specifics of the low-level hardware being used. With multiple applications running concurrently, the OS needs to allocate processor time to each process or job, as one CPU can only process instructions and data for one application at a time. Dictionary encoding finds data which occurs regularly in a source file, and adds suitable matching data to a dictionary. Different colours have been merged into one, and “blockiness” is visible as the compression algorithm tries to combine multiple areas that have generally the same colours into one to save storage space. There are six worksheets, six homework tasks, and an examination-style assessment test, each with answers included in this unit.

Encapsulation is when data is bundled (encapsulated) together to reduce the code complexity and superfluous code. The address bus width determines the maximum possible amount of memory addresses or locations that the system can adderss.Classroom learning is transferred into creating real-world systems through the creation of an independent programming project.

This cooperative approach not only enhances your problem-solving abilities but also builds a supportive community of like-minded individuals who share your passion for technology. OCR_ict OCR 2016A Level in Computer ScienceiiiTeaching and learning resourcesWe recognise that the introduction of a new Specification can bring challenges for implementation and teaching. In games, an outer while True loop which encloses the entire game logic can be made to draw images on the screen after having calculated positions. Our A Level Computer Science qualification helps students understand the core academic principles of computer science.This has a reduced latency compared to fetching from memory as it does not need to travel through the data bus. Over several passes, code optimisation techniques may remove the for loop and just set x to 0 outside of the loop so that it doesn’t get redefined 10,000 times. A driver is a program that provides an interface to a particular hardware device, managed by the OS.

This can reduce the number of pending jobs that would otherwise be queued to execute after a big job. This also beats cryptanalysis techniques as methods such as frequency analysis attacks - which rely on comparing the frequency of letters in cyphertext to how often these letters appear in general communication - as each character of the ciphertext is truly random. It’s worth noting that the IP has no guarantee of correct transmission, and it is up to TCP in the transport layer to do this. h446 For first assessment in A LEVELS pecificationVersion 2 (December 2017) Computer Science Copyright 2017 OCR. Antivirus - scans secondary and even primary storage for known virus definitions (requires regular updates), or use heuristic analysis to detect suspicious behaviour.de Morgan’s laws state a range of expressions which, when used in any boolean function, can be converted into an expression that uses only NAND or NOR functions. MLFQ scheduling is a feedback algorithm, which intelligently adjusts prioritisation of jobs over time based on behaviour.

However, network interference from other devices within range which are also using the same frequency is problematic, as seen in areas like football stadiums. A half adder is a logic gate that takes two bit inputs and computes the addition result of them, as well as a carry. However, an intercepted message could be encrypted using your own public key impersonating a sender. If 8 bytes of data needs to be fetched from memory, this will take 2 different operations to fetch the data, resulting in increased delays. The control bus exists to distinctly transmit command and control, timing and status information between components of a system.Last year, 64 BHASVIC students went onto study Computing and IT related degrees at 38 different universities. The Operating System hides the complexity of the hardware by providing a user interfact to the user. However, elements within the array can be changed after initialisation (during runtime), making them mutable data structures.