The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide

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John J. Ensminger, Police and Military Dogs: Criminal Detection, Forensic Evidence, and Judicial Admissibility (CRC Press, 2012).

Dogs are often called "man's best friend" because they fit in with human life. Man refers to humankind and not just guys ( Old English). Dogs can serve people in many ways. For example, there are guard dogs, hunting dogs, herding dogs, guide dogs for blind people, and police dogs. There are also dogs that are trained to smell for diseases in the human body or to find bombs or illegal drugs. These dogs sometimes help police in airports or other areas. Sniffer dogs (usually beagles) are sometimes trained for this job. Dogs have even been sent by Russians into outer space, a few years before any human being. The first dog sent up was named Laika, but she died within a few hours.

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Dog meat restaurants spring up in Uzbekistan". Uznews.net. 2009. Archived from the original on 16 June 2010 . Retrieved 24 October 2012. Good Dogs Live Longer— ScienceNOW". Archived from the original on 29 November 2011 . Retrieved 18 May 2011.

For thousands of years, humans bred dogs toward the physical and mental traits best suited for the work expected of them. The sleek Greyhound types bred to chase fleet-footed prey, and the huge mastiff types used as guard dogs and warriors, are two ancient examples of dogs bred for specific jobs. HSUS Pet Overpopulation Estimates". The Humane Society of the United States. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013 . Retrieved 22 October 2008.a b McNicholas, June; Gilbey, Andrew; Rennie, Ann; Ahmedzai, Sam; Dono, Jo-Ann; Ormerod, Elizabeth (2005). "Pet ownership and human health: A brief review of evidence and issues". BMJ. 331 (#7527): 1252–1254. doi: 10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1252. PMC 1289326. PMID 16308387. Nagasawa, Miho; Murai, Kensuke; Mogi, Kazutaka; Kikusui, Takefumi (2011). "Dogs can discriminate human smiling faces from blank expressions". Animal Cognition. 14 (4): 525–533. doi: 10.1007/s10071-011-0386-5. PMID 21359654. S2CID 12354384. Leroy G (2011). "Genetic diversity, inbreeding and breeding practices in dogs: results from pedigree analyses". Vet. J. 189 (#2): 177–182. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.016. PMID 21737321. Dogs are regarded differently in different parts of the world. Characteristics of loyalty, friendship, protectiveness, and affection have earned dogs an important position in Western society, and in the United States and Europe the care and feeding of dogs has become a multibillion-dollar business. Western civilization has given the relationship between human and dog great importance, but, in some of the developing nations and in many areas of Asia, dogs are not held in the same esteem. In some areas of the world, dogs are used as guards or beasts of burden or even for food, whereas in the United States and Europe dogs are protected and admired. In ancient Egypt during the days of the pharaohs, dogs were considered to be sacred. Origin and history of dogs Ancestry

Christian, Hayley E.; Westgarth, Carri; Bauman, Adrian; Richards, Elizabeth A.; Rhodes, Ryan E.; Evenson, Kelly R.; Mayer, Joni A.; Thorpe, Roland J. (2013). "Dog Ownership and Physical Activity: A Review of the Evidence". Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 10 (5): 750–759. doi: 10.1123/jpah.10.5.750. ISSN 1543-3080. PMID 23006510. S2CID 14863668. Concannon, P; Tsutsui, T; Shille, V (2001). "Embryo development, hormonal requirements and maternal responses during canine pregnancy". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement. 57: 169–179. PMID 11787146. Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis.

Root-Kustritz MV (December 2007). "Determining the optimal age for gonadectomy of dogs and cats". JAVMA. 231 (#11): 1665–1675. doi: 10.2460/javma.231.11.1665. ISSN 0003-1488. PMID 18052800. S2CID 4651194. Irish setter, Irish red and white setter, Irish water spaniel, Irish wolfhound, Irish terrier, Kerry blue terrier, soft-coated wheaten terrier

In domestic dogs, sexual maturity happens around six months to one year for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years of age for some large breeds, and is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles semiannually, during which the body prepares for pregnancy. At the peak of the cycle, females will become estrous, mentally and physically receptive to copulation. Because the ova survive and can be fertilized for a week after ovulation, more than one male can sire the same litter. [12] Dog communication is how dogs convey information to other dogs, understand messages from humans and translate the information that dogs are transmitting. [70] :xii Communication behaviors of dogs include eye gaze, facial expression, [71] [72] vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and limbs), and gustatory communication (scents, pheromones, and taste). Humans communicate to dogs by using vocalization, hand signals, and body posture, forming a complex interplay of signals that bridge the gap between species. The auditory aspect of this communication is particularly crucial, as dogs, with their acute sense of hearing, rely on it for understanding and responding to various cues, including the distinctive barking patterns that convey different messages. a b Perri, Angela R.; Feuerborn, Tatiana R.; Frantz, Laurent A. F.; Larson, Greger; Malhi, Ripan S.; Meltzer, David J.; Witt, Kelsey E. (2021). "Dog domestication and the dual dispersal of people and dogs into the Americas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (#6): e2010083118. Bibcode: 2021PNAS..11810083P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010083118. PMC 8017920. PMID 33495362. S2CID 231712420. The Aboriginal Tasmanians, who were separated from Australia before the arrival of dingos on that continent If you're bringing home a new pet, this guide comes crammed with top tips for a balanced diet, exercise, grooming, and training, as well as a health section on continuing care, identifying illness, and veterinary visits.

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Korea dog meat campaigners accused of hypocrisy". The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. 27 December 2017. According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, an estimated 77.5million people in the United States have pet dogs. [120] The same source shows that nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just one dog, 25% two dogs and nearly 9% more than two dogs. There does not seem to be any sex preference among dogs as pets, as the statistical data reveal an equal number of male and female pet dogs. Although several programs promote pet adoption, less than one-fifth of the owned dogs come from shelters. [120] Coppinger R, Schneider R: Evolution of working dogs. The domestic dog: Its evolution, behaviour and interactions with people. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 1995. a b Bergström, Anders; Frantz, Laurent; Schmidt, Ryan; Ersmark, Erik; Lebrasseur, Ophelie; Girdland-Flink, Linus; Lin, Audrey T.; Storå, Jan; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Anthony, David; Antipina, Ekaterina; Amiri, Sarieh; Bar-Oz, Guy; Bazaliiskii, Vladimir I.; Bulatović, Jelena; Brown, Dorcas; Carmagnini, Alberto; Davy, Tom; Fedorov, Sergey; Fiore, Ivana; Fulton, Deirdre; Germonpré, Mietje; Haile, James; Irving-Pease, Evan K.; Jamieson, Alexandra; Janssens, Luc; Kirillova, Irina; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Kuzmanovic-Cvetković, Julka; Kuzmin, Yaroslav; Losey, Robert J.; Dizdar, Daria Ložnjak; Mashkour, Marjan; Novak, Mario; Onar, Vedat; Orton, David; Pasaric, Maja; Radivojevic, Miljana; Rajkovic, Dragana; Roberts, Benjamin; Ryan, Hannah; Sablin, Mikhail; Shidlovskiy, Fedor; Stojanovic, Ivana; Tagliacozzo, Antonio; Trantalidou, Katerina; Ullén, Inga; Villaluenga, Aritza; Wapnish, Paula; Dobney, Keith; Götherström, Anders; Linderholm, Anna; Dalén, Love; Pinhasi, Ron; Larson, Greger; Skoglund, Pontus (2020). "Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs". Science. 370 (#6516): 557–564. doi: 10.1126/science.aba9572. PMC 7116352. PMID 33122379. S2CID 225956269. Oskar Seyffert (1901). A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities: Mythology, Religion, Literature and Art (6ed.). Swan Sonnenschein and Co. p.271 . Retrieved 14 January 2022.