Turner's Birds

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Illustration of Mandrake plant from William Turner's Herbal, the first to be written in English rather than Latin Child, Ben (23 October 2012). "Timothy Spall to play JMW Turner in Mike Leigh biopic". The Guardian . Retrieved 3 September 2014.

Wilton, Andrew (2006). Turner in his time (Newed.). London: Thames & Hudson. p.15. ISBN 978-0-500-23830-1. Along with the phenological indicators reflected in coinciding biological life cycles, Indigenous Peoples of the region have also relied on their knowledge of tidal cycles, including extremes in low and high tides according to the relative position of the sun and the moon, shifting views of stars and constellations at different times of the year (due to the relative position of the Earth orbiting around the sun), and shifting temperatures and levels of precipitation and sunshine over the course of the year. Predictable shapes and patterns emerging from snowbanks as they melt, predictable levels of lakes, rivers and creeks, and particular patterns of snowfall and snowdrift are all recognized and applied in planning, decision‐making, seasonal movements and seasonal harvesting, based on past experience and accumulated knowledge.

The knowledge systems of Indigenous Peoples in Northwestern North America are replete with information on natural cycles at different scales of time and space, as discussed above and evidenced below. Knowledge holders engaged across the works referenced herein identified their knowledge of natural cycles as emanating from past experience, close and long‐term monitoring, and accumulated observations. This knowledge is reflected in people's day‐to‐day and month‐to‐month activities; the names and understood habits and life cycles of various species: plants, birds, mammals, fish, and other lifeforms; the stories and teachings passed on between generations; as well as the timing of important ceremonies. Together with a number of young artists, Turner was able, in Monro's London house, to copy works of the major topographical draughtsmen of his time and perfect his skills in drawing. But the curious atmospherical effects and illusions of John Robert Cozens's watercolours, some of which were present in Monro's house, went far further than the neat renderings of topography. The solemn grandeur of his Alpine views were an early revelation to the young Turner and showed him the true potential of the watercolour medium, conveying mood instead of information. It was his father who also encouraged him to paint. He would display his son’s early pictures on the walls of his barbers shop, even selling them to his customers. Davies, Norman (20 January 1998). Europe: A History. London: Pimlico. p. 687. ISBN 978-0-06-097468-8 . Retrieved 3 September 2014. (Subscription required.)

In 1545, Turner published The Rescuynge of the Romishe Fox, and in 1548, The Names of Herbes. In 1551, he published the first of three parts of his famous Herbal, on which his botanical fame rests.Choke cherry ( Prunus virginiana) or possibly bitter cherry ( P. emarginata), when filled with worms The artistic community in Cornwall is thriving. Drawn to the county by the dramatic coastal scenery, the strong creative atmosphere and the famous clarity of the light, there are more artists here than in any other area of the country outside of London. And that pull has been felt for more than 200 years.

Wilton, Andrew (2006). Turner in his time (Newed.). London: Thames & Hudson. p.28. ISBN 978-0-500-23830-1.

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