Oxford Reading Tree: Level 6: Stories: Land of the Dinosaurs (Oxford Reading Tree, Biff, Chip and Kipper Stories New Edition 2011)

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Land of the Dinosaurs" is the twenty-seventh episode of the animated series The Little Mermaid TV series, originally aired on October 8, 1994. exhibit, staying true to scientists’ beliefs that spinosaurus was the largest predator to ever roam the The K–Pg extinction had a profound effect on the evolution of life on Earth. The elimination of dominant Cretaceous groups allowed other organisms to take their place, causing a remarkable amount of species diversification during the Paleogene Period. [29] After the K–Pg extinction event, biodiversity required substantial time to recover, despite the existence of abundant vacant ecological niches. [34] Evidence from the Salamanca Formation suggests that biotic recovery was more rapid in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. [40] Microbiota [ edit ]

In a 2013 paper, Paul Renne of the Berkeley Geochronology Center dated the impact at 66.043 ±0.011 million years ago, based on argon–argon dating. He further posits that the mass extinction occurred within 32,000years of this date. [168] a b Hull, Pincelli M.; Bornemann, André; Penman, Donald E. (17 January 2020). "On impact and volcanism across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary". Science. 367 (6475): 266–272. Bibcode: 2020Sci...367..266H. doi: 10.1126/science.aay5055. hdl: 20.500.11820/483a2e77-318f-476a-8fec-33a45fbdc90b. PMID 31949074. S2CID 210698721 . Retrieved 17 January 2020. Labandeira, C. C.; Johnson, K. R.; etal. (2002). "Preliminary assessment of insect herbivory across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Major extinction and minimum rebound". In Hartman, J.H.; Johnson, K.R.; Nichols, D.J. (eds.). The Hell Creek formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the northern Great Plains: An integrated continental record of the end of the Cretaceous. Geological Society of America. pp.297–327. ISBN 978-0-8137-2361-7. What fills this gap is still not known, but may include the 240-million-year-old partial fossil of an animal called Nyasasaurus parringtoni, discovered in Tanzania near Lake Nyasa in the 1930s.

a b Kriwet, Jürgen; Benton, Michael J. (2004). "Neoselachian (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) Diversity across the Cretaceous–Tertiary Boundary". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 214 (3): 181–194. Bibcode: 2004PPP...214..181K. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.02.049. a b Jones, Heather L.; Westerhold, Thomas; Birch, Heather; Hull, Pincelli; Negra, M. Hédi; Röhl, Ursula; Sepúlveda, Julio; Vellekoop, Johan; Whiteside, Jessica H.; Alegret, Laia; Henehan, Michael; Robinson, Libby; Van Dijk, Joep; Bralower, Timothy (18 January 2023). "Stratigraphy of the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary at the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) in El Kef, Tunisia: New insights from the El Kef Coring Project". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 135 (9–10): 2451. Bibcode: 2023GSAB..135.2451J. doi: 10.1130/B36487.1. S2CID 256021543 . Retrieved 23 March 2023. Approximately 35% of echinoderm genera became extinct at the K–Pg boundary, although taxa that thrived in low-latitude, shallow-water environments during the late Cretaceous had the highest extinction rate. Mid-latitude, deep-water echinoderms were much less affected at the K–Pg boundary. The pattern of extinction points to habitat loss, specifically the drowning of carbonate platforms, the shallow-water reefs in existence at that time, by the extinction event. [64] Fish [ edit ] Sleep, Norman H.; Lowe, Donald R. (9 April 2014). "Scientists reconstruct ancient impact that dwarfs dinosaur-extinction blast". American Geophysical Union. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017 . Retrieved 30 December 2016. Managing Director, Chris Kelly said, “ We’re thrilled that planning has been granted for the next stage of our development. This will see new habitats, housing and facilities being built for our giraffes and white rhinos, enabling our brilliant team of wildlife keepers to continue the high standard of care they provide for our animals.

Bambach, R. K.; Knoll, A. H.; Wang, S. C. (2004). "Origination, extinction, and mass depletions of marine diversity" (PDF). Paleobiology. 30 (4): 522–542. doi: 10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0522:OEAMDO>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 17279135. a b c Longrich, N. R.; Bhullar, B.-A. S.; Gauthier, J. A. (December 2012). "Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (52): 21396–401. Bibcode: 2012PNAS..10921396L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1211526110. PMC 3535637. PMID 23236177. Raup, D. M.; Jablonski, D. (1993). "Geography of end-Cretaceous marine bivalve extinctions". Science. 260 (5110): 971–973. Bibcode: 1993Sci...260..971R. doi: 10.1126/science.11537491. PMID 11537491.For Sumatran tiger cub, Lestari, red panda cub, Lushan and meerkat pup, Lily, this is the first time they have experienced pumpkins and there were mixed reactions to the large, seasonal fruits! Ogg, James G.; Gradstein, F. M.; Gradstein, Felix M. (2004). A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78142-8. a b Hildebrand, A. R.; Penfield, G. T.; etal. (1991). "Chicxulub crater: a possible Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact crater on the Yucatán peninsula, Mexico". Geology. 19 (9): 867–871. Bibcode: 1991Geo....19..867H. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0867:ccapct>2.3.co;2. Books: The Art of The Little Mermaid • Disney Princess Enchanted Stables: The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Baby Beau • Poor Unfortunate Soul: A Tale of the Sea Witch • Official Comic Adaptation • Disney Comics • The Little Mermaid's Treasure Chest • Disney Princess Beginnings • Marvel Comics • The Little Mermaid: The Full Film Script • Prince of Song & Sea • The Little Mermaid: Against the Tide Guests to the Park may spot pumpkins in some of the other animal habitats, on the safari and in the pedestrianised areas, some of which make up spooky photo points for guests to snap a picture.

Due to the wholesale destruction of plants at the K–Pg boundary, there was a proliferation of saprotrophic organisms, such as fungi, that do not require photosynthesis and use nutrients from decaying vegetation. The dominance of fungal species lasted only a few years while the atmosphere cleared and plenty of organic matter to feed on was present. Once the atmosphere cleared, photosynthetic organisms, initially ferns and other ground-level plants, returned. [81] The release of large quantities of sulphur aerosols into the atmosphere as a consequence of the impact would also have caused acid rain. [194] [188] Oceans acidified as a result. [15] [16] This decrease in ocean pH would kill many organisms that grow shells of calcium carbonate. [188] The heating of the atmosphere during the impact itself may have also generated nitric acid rain through the production of nitrogen oxides and their subsequent reaction with water vapour. [195] [194]Noubhani, Abdelmajid (2010). "The Selachians' faunas of the Moroccan phosphate deposits and the K-T mass extinctions". Historical Biology. 22 (1–3): 71–77. doi: 10.1080/08912961003707349. S2CID 129579498. Ostracods, a class of small crustaceans that were prevalent in the upper Maastrichtian, left fossil deposits in a variety of locations. A review of these fossils shows that ostracod diversity was lower in the Paleocene than any other time in the Cenozoic. Current research cannot ascertain whether the extinctions occurred prior to, or during, the boundary interval. [53] [54] Original: Ariel • Flounder • Sebastian • Scuttle • Prince Eric • King Triton • Ursula • Flotsam and Jetsam • King Triton's Daughters • Max • Grimsby • Carlotta • Chef Louis • Ursula's Garden • Glut • The Seahorse Herald • Harold • Merpeople • Sea Creatures • Lagoon Residents Season One: " Whale of a Tale" • " The Great Sebastian" • " Stormy" • " Urchin" • " Double Bubble" • " Message in a Bottle" • " Charmed" • " Marriage of Inconvenience" • " The Evil Manta" • " Thingamajigger" • " Red" • " Beached" • " Trident True" • " Eel-Ectric City" While it appears that many fungi were wiped out at the K-Pg boundary, it is worth noting that evidence has been found indicating that some fungal species thrived in the years after the extinction event. Microfossils from that period indicate a great increase in fungal spores, long before the resumption of plentiful fern spores in the recovery after the impact. Monoporisporites and hypha are almost exclusive microfossils for a short span during and after the iridium boundary. These saprophytes would not need sunlight, allowing them to survive during a period when the atmosphere was likely clogged with dust and sulfur aerosols. [81]

If the dinosaurs found in the Ischigualasto Formation are already recognisably dinosaurs, it suggests that their origins are even more ancient. In what is now central India, there was substantial volcanic activity that, although unrelated to the asteroid impact, was causing problems of its own. The resulting lava outcrop is now known as the Deccan Traps. Evidence for extinctions caused by the Deccan Traps includes the reduction in diversity of marine life when the climate near the K–Pg boundary increased in temperature. The temperature increased about three to four degrees very rapidly between 65.4 and 65.2 million years ago, which is very near the time of the extinction event. Not only did the climate temperature increase, but the water temperature decreased, causing a drastic decrease in marine diversity. [215] Evidence from Tunisia indicates that marine life was deleteriously affected by a major period of increased warmth and humidity linked to a pulse of intense Deccan Traps activity. [216] Charophyte declines in the Songliao Basin, China before the asteroid impact have been concluded to be connected to climate changes caused by Deccan Traps activity. [217] Guests to the grotto will be greeted by Santa’s team of friendly elves who will magically transport families to the North Pole on Santa’s newly refurbished sleigh featuring a talking owl and enchanting northern lights.The blame can't solely rest on the asteroid. Prior to its crash landing, Earth was experiencing a period of climate change. This was making things harder for life on our planet.