Gingivostomatitis, a common infection that is particularly prevalent in children. The sores are similar to canker sores, but they occur alongside symptoms of a cold or the flu. Belenguer-Guallar I, et al. Treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A literature review. Journal of Clinical Experimental Dentistry. 2014;6:e168. Usually not, but it’s possible. A mouth ulcer that doesn’t go away could be a sign of oral cancer. In most cases of mouth cancer, mouth ulcers appear on or under the tongue. Most people do not have any side effects when they use hydrocortisone buccal tablets for a few days.

It’s currently unclear whether COVID tongue is related to geographic tongue, or whether COVID-19 can lead to geographic tongue. As more people recover from COVID-19 and more data become available, doctors will have a better understanding of COVID tongue and any possible long-term effects. Aphthous ulceration: up to 20% children > older age; more common in Caucasians than other races, more common in females than in males

5. Side effects

Mouth cancer, or oral cancer, is a type of cancer that originates in the mouth or oral cavity. This includes the lips, cheeks, teeth, gums, front two-thirds of the tongue, roof, and floor of the mouth. Cancer is caused by the growth and spread of abnormal cells. eating a ‘Mediterranean-style diet’, with plenty of fresh vegetables (particularly tomatoes), citrus fruits, olive oil and fish (read more about healthy eating) A minor injury to your mouth from dental work, overzealous brushing, sports mishaps or an accidental cheek bite

Cold sores are usually contagious for up to 15 days. When all symptoms have subsided — including blistering and scabbing — you are no longer considered contagious. Are mouth sores viral or bacterial? Figure 15. Leukoplakia of the ventral tongue. Incisional biopsy showed severe dysplasia, and the lesion was subsequently completely excised.

What are the complications of a mouth ulcer?

If a mouth ulcer is causing you pain or discomfort, speak to your pharmacist. They may be able to recommend a protective paste or a painkilling gel to ease your discomfort. These commonly create a barrier over the ulcer to allow it to heal and aim to reduce pain and inflammation while preventing infection. Thrush: Also called candidiasis, thrush is a yeast infection inside the mouth. People with oral thrush develop white, creamy lesions on the tongue, cheeks and gums. While it’s unusual for thrush to be passed from person to person, it can happen — especially among immunocompromised individuals. Thrush is common among denture wearers (called denture stomatitis), but it can affect anyone. There are three common forms of oral candidiasis: pseudomembranous, erythematous and chronic hyperplastic. The typical clinical presentation is the acute pseudomembranous form (thrush; Figure 10). It presents as increasingly confluent white colonies and plaques that can be wiped away, leaving a painful erythematous undersurface. It is most commonly found in the oropharynx and buccal mucosa, and in the early stages it is minimally symptomatic. Typically occur with aging and require no treatment unless trapping of food and bacteria leads to inflammation of the fissures. Gentle brushing of the tongue is useful in persons with symptomatic inflammation Drug reactions - oral ulcerations usually appear after a few weeks of the drug being commenced. In most cases the lesions resist conventional treatments, with a rapid healing following the suppression of the responsible drug. Oral ulcerations following symptoms of burning mouth, metallic taste, or loss of taste are strongly suggestive of a pharmacological origin. Most of the drugs able to induce oral ulceration are commonly prescribed in a) rheumatology: NSAID (diclofenac, indomethacin, naproxen), long-term rheumatoid arthritis therapy ( azathioprine, methotrexate, penicillamine, and gold compounds); b) cardiology: ACEI(captopril, enalapril), angiotensin 2-receptor antagonists (losartan), and nicorandil, c) psychiatry: antidepressants (fluoxetine, lithium), d) HIV therapy (foscarnet, zalcitabine)

reactive arthritis– a condition that causes inflammation in various places in the body, usually as a reaction to an infection Gingivostomatitis: This condition may be caused by a bacterial or viral infection, or it may be linked to poor oral hygiene. Gingivostomatitis is characterized by cold sores in the mouth — usually on the gums or inner cheeks. It’s most common in children. It’s currently unclear whether COVID tongue is an early symptom of COVID-19, or a symptom that develops as the condition progresses.

Geographic Tongue

surgery – where the cancerous cells are surgically removed and, in some cases, some of the surrounding tissue Mouth cancer can occur in younger adults, but it’s thought that HPV infection may be responsible for the majority of cases that occur in younger people. Meyer A, et al. (2021). HSV-1 reactivation is associated with an increased risk of mortality and pneumonia in critically ill COVID-19 patients. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Tobacco habits other than smoking; betel-quid and areca-nut chewing; and some areca-nut-derived nitrosamines. Vol 37. Lyon, FR: IARC, 1985; p. 188. Search PubMed Bright red patches in your mouth that look and feel velvety are called erythroplakia. They’re often precancerous, meaning they can become cancerous. According to a 2022 systematic review, about 1 in 5 erythroplakia cases turn into cancer, a much lower rate than in earlier studies.

There are 3 main methods used to carry out a biopsy in cases of suspected mouth cancer. Punch biopsy Radiotherapy makes the teeth more sensitive and vulnerable to infection so before treatment begins, you’ll be given a full dental examination and any necessary work will be carried out. Drug-induced stomatitis — eg, chemotherapy, low-dose methotrexate ( irritant), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) ( lichenoid pattern) Leukoplakia usually doesn't cause permanent damage to tissues in your mouth. However, leukoplakia increases your risk of oral cancer. Oral cancers often form near leukoplakia patches, and the patches themselves may show cancerous changes. Even after leukoplakia patches are removed, the risk of oral cancer remains. Hairy leukoplakia Anyone can develop canker sores. But they occur more often in teens and young adults, and they're more common in females.

Who gets mouth ulcer and how are mouth ulcers classified?

Geographic tongue - 125 mg of Solvazinc dissolved in 10 mls of water and gargled for 2 minutes, 2-3 times a day